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Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 121 20. TERM FUNCTION Interactive conversation with the remote is controlled by the term function. The term function provides the conversational link between the keyboard, display, printer, and the remote computer. ZCOMM's term function also controls the capture of data from the remote, "non- protocol" sending of files and commands, and recognition of the remote's responses (pattern searches). The term function is entered by the F2, f, put, putw, t and wait commands, and by the r and s commands when the t option is used. Normally, the term function acts upon keyboarded characters immediately. If the term function is sending a string with the put or putw commands, or if the keyboard has been locked with the kbdlock command, keystrokes are not drained from the keyboard buffer. If ANSI KAM (Keyboard Action Mode) is set, keystrokes are discarded with a bleep of the bell. Normal ASCII printing and control characters are sent to the remote. Some keys may be redefined with the set command. NUKE (ALT-N) returns control to the main command prompt. The term function returns to its caller when an F1 or ALT-X key is struck. A carrier drop during a pattern search or a satisfied search[1] cause the term function to return. Counting the error count (e numeric parameter) UP TO 0 makes term function return. An ETX or EOT received from the remote when q mode is on also does the trick. Finally, an EOF on a file uploaded with x mode, or a match on a file uploaded with X mode makes the term function return. 20.1 Command Characters In the term function, soft key definitions override the keys' normal functions. Backspace Normally the term function sends backspace to the remote without any special processing. This is ideal for most systems where backspace implies deletion of the character immediately to the left of the cursor. Other systems, including VMS, use RUBOUT for this function. The GCOS system uses the # character for this function. The special requirements of these systems can be optimally accomodated by assigning a string or series of commands to the BS key. Chapter 99 provides some examples. __________ 1. Unless the c modifier was used (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Term Function Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 122 F1, ALT-X Return from the term function. ALT-X is an alternate to F1 in case the user has assigned his own string or command to F1. F2, PgUp, PgDn, ALT-R Enter the review function displaying data starting with either the first character received after the last character keyboarded (except space, Ctrl-Q, or Ctrl-S), or about 48 lines back if less than 400 characters have been received since the last character keyboarded. This allows the output from the last command to be conveniently reviewed. Review then awaits the next command. F2 followed by "k" is a handy way to clear both the screen and the circular buffer. Home Enter review function, displaying text starting at the beginning of the buffer. ALT-R is an alternate to F2 in case the user has assigned his own string or command to F2. F3...F14 Chapter 17 describes the functions that the "setup" entry in the sample PHODIR.T file assigns to these keys. Ctrl-Break Sends a 200 millisecond (default) break signal to the remote. The function of this key may be reassigned with a set command. Ctrl-Shift-2 Some remote computer systems may require sending the NULL (000) character. NULL may be keyboarded by Ctrl-Shift-2. ^F Iff q (TWX) mode is in effect, transmit the string parameter answerback to the remote. This is equivalent to HEREIS on a Teletype(TM) machine. Enter Iff n mode is set, send a newline (LF). Otherwise, send the contents of entstr (default CR) to the remote. ^Q Iff a transmit file is open and its transmission has been stopped by a XOFF, transmission is resumed. Resumes counting of the inactivity timeout associated with the wait and pattern commands. Otherwise no special treatment. Rubout The ASCII delete (rubout) character (hex 7F, octal 177) is generated by Ctrl-Backspace (the left arrow above the ENTER key on the PC keyboard). The "Del" key near the lower right of the keyboard does not generate delete, but may be programmed to do so with a "set fdel \177" command. ^S Iff a transmit file is open, transmission is stopped. Otherwise ^S is transmitted. ^S also suspends counting of the inactivity timeout associated with the wait and pattern commands. (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Term Function Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 123 ALT-B Sends a 100 millisecond break signal to the remote. ALT-N The NUKE key exits from the term function with a message and cancels any scripts or functions that may have been executing. ALT-1 Prompts for a DOS command, then executes that command as a subroutine. EXAMPLE: ALT-1 whereis *.lst ALT-2 Prompts for a ZCOMM command, then executes that command. A particularly useful command is "create file" which creates a capture file without having to return to the main command prompt. Care should be exercised not to force excessive recursion by issuing a command (such as t or f) which would invoke the term function recursively. EXAMPLE: ALT-2 create capture.fil EXAMPLE: ALT-2 display vt100 ALT-E Resets the elapsed time indication to zero. ALT-F Full Duplex resets local echo of keyboarded characters. ALT-H Toggles Half duplex in the sequence 0 (full duplex), 1 (local echo), and 2 (local echo CR as CR LF). SEE ALSO: h numeric parameter ALT-I Three way toggle of i and I (Image) mode. When toggling to I (super image) mode, ZCOMM's display emulation is set to dumb to disable all escape sequences, most importantly those that do strange things when used in the wrong context. When toggling out of I mode, dumb terminal emulation is turned off. ALT-J Toggles j (Jabberwrite) mode (q.v.).* ALT-K Displays the contents of the soft keys. ALT-L Ctrl-PrtSc Toggles the line printer on flag. If the printer is being turned on, printing commences with the next character received from the remote. ALT-M Toggles keyboard mapping. SEE ALSO: display kbmapenable command (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Term Function Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 124 ALT-O Toggles the Overstrike display mode, and restores the normal CRT attribute. ALT-P Toggles the parity the term function uses between 8 bits no parity, 8 bits graphics, 7 bits plus even parity, 7 bits plus odd parity, 7 bits marking parity (8th bit set), and 7 bits spacing parity (8 bit reset). ALT-V Three way toggles v mode between normal, show control characters as ^C, and, (in addition to the above) denote characters with parity bit set by prepending a tilde (~). 20.2 Control Characters The following characters are recognized by the term function when they are received from the remote. ENQ, DLE If c or C (Compuserve) mode and not v mode is in effect, engage the Compuserve B Protocol. This protocol is used with the FILTRN program and the SIG/ACCESS DOW and UPL commands. See Compuserve's CP-MIG user group documentation for more information. Iff enabled, these codes are acted upon when drained from the interrupt input buffer and are not passed to the circular buffer. The following received characters are recognized by the term function, regardless of parity, when they are fetched from the circular buffer for the display. Modem Error Detected modem errors (parity error, framing error, break, overrun) are counted in the e numeric parameter. The E numeric parameter may be used to represent modem errors as specific, searchable characters. A detected overrun is displayed as a large fuzzy rectangle (hex B2). ETX EOT Ctrl-Z When receiving a message with the TWX protocol (in Host Operation) these control characters will terminate the message. ENQ Iff q (TWX) mode or VT100 emulation ("display vt") is in effect, transmit the answerback string parameter to the remote. This is equivalent to HEREIS on a Teletype(TM) machine. BELL Generates a tone in the speaker unless visual bell display is enabled ("display bell=visual"). If the display has fallen behind the incoming data, ZCOMM suppresses the bell due to the relatively long time required to perform a bell ring. If a file is being transmitted with the term function, a bell character will pause transmission for a short time. (Some computers send bell characters to indicate their input buffers are becoming overloaded.) (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Term Function Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 125 FF If c mode is enabled, erase the screen. XOFF Suspends file transmission from ZCOMM. XOFF is excluded from pattern searches and does not display unless v mode is set. After a timeout determined by the Kermit s numeric parameter (default 60 seconds), transmission will resume even if no XON character is received.[2] XON Resumes file transmission from ZCOMM. XON is excluded from pattern searches and does not display unless v mode is set. NULL, Rubout (Hex 7F) and NULL (0) are not displayed unless ZCOMM is in i (image) or v mode. They are excluded from pattern searches. 20.3 Buffer Writing When the free space in the circular buffer is nearly exhausted, ZCOMM sends an XOFF character to the remote[3] and writes the buffer contents to the receive file[4] (if any). The circular buffer is also written to the receive file as a result of a "w" command, ALT-W key, or once per second if the j mode is in effect. When the circular buffer is written to a receive file, several control characters are treated specially if i (image) mode is not set. Iff s mode is set, all control characters, except for those listed below, are excluded from the received file. NULL ACK BELL XON XOFF RUBOUT These characters are excluded from the file. NULL, DELETE, XON, and XOFF are excluded from pattern searches. ETX, EOT These characters close the file if q mode is in effect, as when ZCOMM is receiving a message in host state using TWX protocol. Ctrl-Z (CPMEOF) Iff z mode is enabled, close the file. Otherwise this character is discarded. LF Iff n (nlmode) mode is on, a CR is written to the file before the LF. Linefeed is always passed to the file. __________ 2. There is no timeout if the parameter is 0. 3. Assuming e mode is not in effect. 4. An XON is sent to the remote after this automatic buffer write operation. (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Term Function Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 126 CR Iff a mode is in effect, a CR LF sequence is written to the file. Otherwise, if s mode is on, CR is only written to the file as a response to an LF in the circular buffer. BS Backspace is written to the file unless s mode is in effect, in which case it, and the last character written in the disk file, are deleted by backspacing the file write pointer. This simulates the function of backspace on common CRT terminals. NOTE: This backspacing of the file write pointer operates the same as Teco and Emacs editors; it does not stop at the beginning of the line. Backspacing over tab characters is tricky because it may take several backspaces to eliminate the spaces corresponding to one tab character, but only one is needed to eliminate the tab character in the output file. HT FF These characters are always passed to the file, even if s mode is in effect. If ss mode is in effect, FF is not passed to the file. 20.4 Real Time Status Line A real time status line is displayed when ZCOMM is in the term function. The left part of this status line is also displayed when ZCOMM is in Host Operation awaiting a call. The first character position shows a blinking W if the circular buffer is being written to disk. Otherwise, the first character position shows an L if the keyboard has been locked by a kbdlock command, or C if the Caps Lock key is activated. The second position shows an X if hardware handshaking is enabled and Clear to Send (CTS) is not received from the modem, or if an XOFF character has been received (software handshake). This also happens when a file upload is using the p mode with GOchar = 17 (17 is decimal for XON) and ZCOMM has stopped at the end of a line. Otherwise, an A is shown to indicate Alternate Keypad operation. Otherwise, an N appears if the Num Lock key is activated. SEE ALSO: handshake command, Terminal Emulation, Chapter 99. The third position displays the real time status of the following five conditions. If more than one of the conditions is active at once, the displayed character will represent the condition listed first. X if the buffer has nearly filled up and ZCOMM has sent an XOFF to suspend data transmission from the remote. E when ZCOMM has sent an XOFF to suspend data transmission for Error Containment(TM). S if the term function is searching for one or more strings (defined by the pattern command). (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Term Function Status Line Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 127 W if term is waiting for a character echo before resuming transmission. w if term is waiting for a fixed time before sending the next character or returning from a putw or wait command. The display column and row numbers are displayed next with the home position equivalent to 1, 1. DOS's idea of the time of day is next. The minutes of elapsed time follow the time of day, modulo 24 hours (1440 minutes). The elapsed time is reset by the ALT-E term subcommand and by the autodial. If carrier detect is absent, an L( Local) appears after the elapsed time. The X.PC version will display c, p, or L in this position depending on whether ZCOMM is in character state, packet state, or Local (no carrier). The right side of the status line shows the communications port,[5] transmission speed ("baud rate") and the parity. The next field represents the modes that are enabled. If the b, n, p, r, or w mode is set, that letter shows. If p mode is set with with GOchar equal to XON (decimal 17), a P is shown. The v mode causes the view indicator to show ^ if control characters are being displayed in the style ^C where C is the alphabetic character corresponding to the control character. The indicator shows ~ if characters with the 8th bit set are being displayed with a leading ~. Setting the a, c, e, h, i, j, l, q, s, t, u, x, and z modes causes the corresponding letter to be displayed. The c, h, and s modes are displayed in upper case if their value is greater than 1. ON HOOK is displayed if the computer has disabled DTR (Data Terminal Ready). The speed command should be used to assert DTR and allow the modem to go off hook (connect to line), e.g., "speed 1200". If a transmit file is open, a < followed by the transmit file name is shown. If the file upload has been stopped by a grab command, Stopped(grab) is diplayed. If a receive capture file is open, a > followed by the file name is __________ 5. Virtual channel number for X.PC (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Term Function Status Line Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 128 shown. EXAMPLE: LX 01 24 23:57 ET 0:46 L 31424 1:1200 8n p^t <upload.fil The keyboard has been "locked" by a kbdlock 1 command. File upload has been stopped by an XOFF character. The cursor in in column 1, line 24. The elapsed time is 46 seconds. Carrier is not present (L). There are 31424 free bytes in the circular buffer. Transmission speed is 1200 bits per second. Transmitted word length is 8 bits no parity (8n). Since a speed of 1200 selects 1 stop bit, the mode is the same as "8-N-1" mentioned by many bulletin board systems. The p mode makes file upload pause at the end of each line for a prompt character. View mode is set (ena -v). Finally, t mode slows the transmission of each character from a soft keys or file. The disk file upload.fil is being uploaded. The s numeric parameter sets the status line display attribute. The default of 7 provides normal video. With some displays, you can set it to dim with a ps8 command so it won't distract you. It may be disabled with an "ESC x 1" sequence. 20.5 Conference Command Some computer networks provide a keyboard to keyboard multiuser conference where text lines keyboarded by each user are broadcast to the other participants. An example is the "Conference" command of Compuserve's Special Interest Groups. The following discussion will reference this edited transcript of a CB conference. At the beginning, we have logged into Compuserve and have issued ZCOMM's conference command. The user's input is composed in a conference window using the 25th line. The line of text is transmitted (shown underlined) when ENTER is keyboarded. go cb1 CB Simulator Ver 3(61) Band A What's your handle? chuckF<ENTER> (Channel) users tuned in (1)8 Which channel: 1<ENTER> (A1,Fleming) ho ho (A1,*WOLF*) HI ALLL!!!!!! greetings<ENTER> (A1,MOON KNIGHT) HI ALL !! (A1,*WOLF*) HELLO (A1,scott) i'll dream about you (A1,Fleming) back (A1,*WOLF*) HI FLEM (A1,Fairlady) xxx my young Scott (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Conference Command Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 129 (A1,Golden Bear) Hi Fairlady !! (A1,MOON KNIGHT) SCOTT-ARE YOU AN ISLANDE FAN ? (A1,*WOLF*) *usting* (A1,MOON KNIGHT) (ISLANDER) /exit<ENTER> A real-time multiuser keyboard to keyboard conference resembles nothing so much as a lively conversation. The computers' buffering simulates humans' ability to talk and listen at the same time. You may experience a learning curve as visual cues replace the familiar audible cues needed to decipher a complex conversation. The keyboarded inputs of the several users must be kept separate for any sense to be made of the conversation. The remote computer provides the necessary buffering for the other participants, and ZCOMM buffers your keying in a one line window. When the conference command is given, two cursors will appear. The usual cursor will follow the others' text as it arrives from the remote computer. A second cursor in the conference window follows the text that you enter. While entering text to the conference window, the backspace key may be used to erase keyboarding mistakes. ^U may be used to erase all text entered on the conference window. Beginning at column 64, the characters you enter will show in reverse video to remind you that the line is getting long. (Conferencing software prepends your identifier or "handle" to each line you send; a long line will drop characters or otherwise mess up others' displays.) When you keyboard ENTER, LF, or ESC, or when you fill up the conference window, ZCOMM queues the line for transmission. The conference window cursor disappears while the line is queued for transmission. The line is transmitted as soon as the previous line (if any) has been sent. When transmission begins, the conference window is cleared and the conference cursor reappears, allowing the next line to be keyboarded. Any attempts to enter characters into the conference window before transmission begins will ring the bell and be discarded. When in the conference command, the function keys operate the same way as they normally do in the term function. The review subcommands (F2, PgUp, etc.) may be used to review portions of the conversation that have scrolled off the main screen. Returning from the review subcommand redisplays any partial line that may have been entered. The exit command F1 causes any characters entered in the conference window to be discarded. (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Conference Command Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 130 The following characters are passed directly to the remote and are not entered into the conference window: ETX SI DLE XON XOFF DC2 DC4 CAN (^C ^O ^P ^Q ^S ^R ^T ^X). Transmission from the conference window is controlled by the t, p, and w modes and their associated parameters. If none of these modes are set, the line is transmitted at full speed. If Half Duplex mode h is set, ZCOMM echoes the line as it is transmitted. If h is 2, a linefeed is transmitted and displayed after the carriage return. Compuserve conference access is most economical at 300 bps, plenty fast for the participants' typing. (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Review Function Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 131 21. REVIEW FUNCTION Review function commands page, search, cut, paste, and otherwise manipulate captured data stored in the circular buffer. The review function displays the approximate location of the displayed text within the circular buffer as a percentage of the buffer contents on the status line. Unless i mode is in effect, escape characters are printed as $ (dollar sign) so escape sequences will not interfere with scrolling. Review subcommands consist of a single character preceded by an optional numeric argument. (The default value is 1.) The numeric digits and the command are not echoed as they are entered. For example, keyboarding 69+ moves down 69 lines. You don't have to wait for the screen to fill before entering the next review subcommand. This comes in handy with the n subcommand. Since the N subcommand searches in the reverse direction, you can thumb through messages (by searching for the subject header) very quickly, knowing that you can back up if you went past something interesting. The review function displays data on the local screen only, even in host operation. The demonstration disk circular buffer search/cut/paste menu choice demonstrates many of the review subcommands. 21.1 Review Subcommands Defined soft keys are executed from review iff they do not conflict with the permanent definitions. Ctrl-L, Ctrl-Home Ctrl-L (form feed) clears the screen and refreshes the display without moving it. Ctrl-L is useful after an error printout within review, or after a subcommand that writes to the screen such as ALT-D or ALT-S. a Toggles the autowarp display mode, then refreshes the display. If the autowrap display mode is enabled, long lines can be viewed, but will cause lines at the top of the screen to scroll off. G Go to the Nth line and display from there. If N is omitted, go to the end instead. Home Display starting at the beginning of the capture buffer. r, R If a file is open as a result of a read command, read some more of the file into the buffer, replacing about 3/4 of the previous buffer contents (all if R subcommand). A successful r subcommand (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Review Function Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 132 erases the pointers set by the t and b subcommands. The data read in from the file may overwrite the data currently displayed on the screen. In this case, ZCOMM displays data starting with the oldest. F2, PgUp, ^B, * Display the Nth previous page (one line overlap is provided). SP, PgDn, ^F Clear screen and display the next Nth page. s, / Accept a search string, terminated by RETURN. This string may have character escapes. Search through the buffer for the Nth instance of string. Lower case characters in string match either case; upper case characters in string match upper case characters only. The display starts with that line. If the search is unsuccessful, ring bell. The search begins at the top of the display. SEE ALSO: ?, n, N subcommands HINT: When searching through a large amount of text, the search operation is fastest if the first character of the search string does not occur often in the text. For example, a 32kb buffer consisting of numbers separated by many spaces can be searched in a few seconds if the first character in the search string is a digit, but may take more than twenty seconds if the search string starts with spaces. This sluggish behavior results from the complexities in the search operation posed by the circular buffer. ? Prompts for search string as above, then searches backwards for the Nth occurrence of string starting with the line above the top of the buffer. n Next searches for Nth occurrence of the previously entered string in the direction of the last "/" or "?" subcommand. Typical usage would be to search for the first occurrence with the "/" subcommand, then use "n" to find more matches. N Next searches for next Nth occurrence of the previously entered search string in the opposite direction to the original "/" or "?" subcommand. UpCursor, - Backup N lines and redisplay. DownCursor, +, LF Move the display down N lines and redisplay. End Go to the buffer end (where the most recent data is) and display. x eXit returns to the previous function, and makes the term function redisplay the last page of buffer contents.[1] This (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Review Function Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 133 restores the screen and keyboard to the same state they were in before review was entered. The x subcommand allows you to see where you were if you were in the midst of keyboarding a command to the remote when you entered review. EXAMPLE: Suppose you are typing in a line of commands and you need to "thumb back" through the remote's output for some vital nugget of information. (After you enter a 20 line email reply message, NOW Compuserve asks you for a certain random 8 digit account number to mail it to!) No sweat, just hit some PgUp's until you see the account number on the screen. Now you can't remember whether or not you typed a space after the last part of you command to the remote. No problem, just exit review with x and you'll see just where you were. NOTE: This subcommand should not be used when scripts are active. k Kill the capture buffer contents and return to the previous function. Ctrl-Z, Ctrl-PgDn Kill the rest of the buffer by setting the character insertion pointer to just after the end of the current display. ZCOMM then redisplays the last lines of the buffer and returns to the previous function. t Set the file dump[2] and printer dump pointers to the top of displayed text, and sets the bottom pointer to the end of the buffer. The t subcommand is used with the b subcommand to specify which portion of the circular buffer should be written to a file with the w subcommand. (Text between the top and bottom pointers is highlighted.) b Set the bottom pointer to the beginning of the first line of displayed text. If the top pointer had not been previously set, or if the bottom pointer is before the top pointer, ZCOMM will ring the bell and ignore the subcommand. Otherwise, the text on the screen that was highlighted will now be displayed in normal intensity as what is showing on the screen has just been deselected. (Text between the top and bottom pointers is highlighted.) ______________________________________________________________________ 1. When the term function takes control, which is immediately if review was called from the term function. 2. This command should not be used while outputting to the printer (l mode) or while a Receive File is open unless you wish to select the data to be output. (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Review Function Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 134 w, W Write the text between the top and bottom pointers to a disk file or DOS device.[3] If the bottom pointer is not set, the rest of the buffer will be written. ZCOMM prompts for a pathname. If the top pointer is not set, a reminder is printed. No log entry is made by this subcommand. The W subcommand automatically appends the data to an existing file. F1, CR Return to previous function. ! Prompts for a DOS command, then attempts to execute it. @ Prompts for a ZCOMM command, then executes it. __________ 3. Useful DOS devices are PRN, LPT1, LPT2, and LPT3. (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Numeric Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 135 22. NUMERIC PARAMETERS Numeric parameters are set with the p command in the form px# where x is the one letter name of the parameter and "#" is the decimal numeric value. Typing "p" without a parameter name displays the current values of the numeric parameters in decimal. EXAMPLE: pg63 sets GOchar to decimal 63 (ASCII question mark). EXAMPLE: pv-1 sets the v numeric parameter to -1, suppressing some routine messages # The # numeric parameter sets the number of lines used by the built in display driver. The default value is 24. A value of 25 may be used for applications which require access to all 25 display lines. A small value may be used when running ZCOMM under Topview to to fit the information into a small window. The cls or reset command should be given after setting the parameters to initialize the screen driver to the new values. If running with a virtual screen with Topview or DESQview, the #and $ numeric parameters are limited to 24 by 80 maximum. Full screen applications may give abnormal displays if these parameters are set too small. Nonsensical values tend to produce nonsensical displays. EXAMPLE: cls; p#9; reset clears the screen, sets a 9 line window, and initializes the screen driver to the new value. $ Sets the number of CRT columns. A cls or reset command should be given after changing the $ numeric parameter. The default value (80) is that returned by the BIOS video interrupt 15h call. This parameter may be set to support 132 column displays if the 132 column display mode is set before ZCOMM is called.[1] ZCOMM does not support displays less than 80 columns wide. The display hardware must use the same number of columns as the $ parameter if the resultant presentation is to make any sense. SEE ALSO: # numeric parameter - If non zero, the system function (used with the ! command, etc.) uses the undocumented DOS 37h function to fetch the current value of SWITCHAR. __________ 1. With most display BIOS ROMs, ZCOMM reads the columns and lines values from the BIOS when starting up or regaining control after a shell escape. (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 136 If negative, ZCOMM uses DOS line input (function 0xA) for commands given from the main prompt. This enables DOS command line editors such as POLYboost [2] and CED. When these editors are active, they (and not ZCOMM) interpret control, function and ALT- keys. * Sets the CRT attribute for highlighted messages. EXAMPLE: p*12 gives bright red. ? Count of the number of files sent or received with a protocol, and the number of lines matched by the find command. A failed password validation sets this negative. The exit status of subprograms is stored in this parameter. Because of a bug in DOS COMMAND.COM, the return value is valid only with Unix/Xenix flavors. SEE ALSO: ? test condition @ Sets the CRT attribute for the (normally) blinking messages such as FILES OPEN. The numeric values are explained below, with the n numeric parameter. EXAMPLE: p@12 makes ZCOMM's normally blinking messages appear bright red. E If non 0, substitute this for characters with bad parity detected by the term function with e mode (Error Containment(TM)). EXAMPLE: iena -7e; pE63 Substitute ? for characters received with odd parity. H Sets the timeout in seconds for entering a command or string in response to a command or other prompt, including the accept command. A value of 0 (the default) disables this timeout. K If non 0, executes keyboard BIOS calls to recover extended codes from 101 key keyboards. N If set to 32, reverses the relationship between Num-Lock and the numeric/application keyboard mapping part of VT52/VT100 emulation (when enabled with display kbmapenable). When set to 0 (the default) the numeric keypad operates as VT25/VT100 disagnostics expect. __________ 2. POLYboost is a product of the POLYTRON corporation. (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 137 SEE ALSO: display command, ALT-M command O Controls OverThruster(TM) operation with B-Protocol, XMODEM, XMODEM-1k, and YMODEM downloads. This parameter should be set as follows: Compuserve B Protocol Larger positive numbers up to 511 increase throughput. Large numbers cause improperly interfaced MNP modems on CIS nodes to drop characters under stress. To enable B protocol with OverThruster in term function: EXAMPLE: pO200; t -oc CompuServe XMODEM This OverThruster mode is effective only on CompuServe. Negative numbers control the number of bytes added to the window on XMODEM downloads from the CompuServe Information Service. Larger numbers increase throughput, but cause improperly interfaced MNP modems on CIS nodes to drop characters under stress, disrupting the file transfer. EXAMPLE: pO-512; ro file1.ext Other XMODEM Positive numbers up to a system dependent value less than the protocol block size increase throughput. Larger values induce timeouts and/or retransmitted blocks. The optimum value must be determined by experiment. 60 usually give best results with MNP modems at 2400 bps. EXAMPLE: pO60; ro file1.ext This parameter is a no-op on Unix or small model flavors. S Timeout interval in seconds waiting for XON characters or positive flow control (default 15). If an XON is not received within this time, transmission resumes anyway. A value of 0 disables this timeout. V VIDEO BIOS display mode to switch the display to 132 columns in response to a VT-100 DECCOLM mode set command. A popular value is 35 for the Tseng, ATI, and other extended EGA boards. The default value of 0 inhibits this function. a The a parameter calibrates certain protocol timeouts. The default value is set during initialization to an appropriate value for an IBM Personal Computer, PC-jr, DG/One, or 8mHz PC-AT (2000 for 4.77 mHz PC, 4000 for a PS2/30, 6000 for an 8 mHz AT, 12000 for a PS2/80). If ZCOMM is run on a non standard machine, accelerator, or under a time slicing operating environment such as TopView, these timeouts may be recalibrated with the a numeric parameter. (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 138 Larger numbers give longer timeouts. This parameter should then be set with a pa# command in the telephone directory setup entry. The value for this parameter will change if ZCOMM is used with a different computer type or multitasking operating system. b Sets the video color for the screen border. The mapping of b parameter values to color is hardware dependent. New values of the b parameter take effect with the next screen clear. c The c parameter sets the callout interval in seconds between scans for outgoing messages. The default is 300 seconds (five minutes). EXAMPLE: pc600 sets the interval betrween callout queue scane to 10 minutes. SEE ALSO: Callout queue d A non zero value (the default) causes incoming files received with ZMODEM and full YMODEM Batch protocol to have their Date set to that sent in the file header. ZMODEM's file management features depend on the transmission of each file's modification date. Files between two copies of ZCOMM will have the same creation date, even if the two machines are in different time zones. When transferring files to/from a Unix system, creation dates are interpreted according to GMT or Universal Coordinated Time. File dating should be enabled with a pd1 command in the telephone directory setup entry. SEE ALSO: z numeric parameter NOTE: Backdating file creation times may confuse some backup programs. e Indicates the number of errors, failed file transfers and the number of characters received by the term function with parity error, framing error or overrun. EXAMPLE: if e>30 goto badline If the term function increments the error count to 0[3] (from a negative number), it exits, allowing the script to regain control in the event of a noisy line. This condition would then be indicated by the e test condition being false (0). __________ 3. Refer to E mode decription for caveats. (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 139 EXAMPLE: pe-20; ... wait; if !e goto badline This parameter is reset to 0 by the call command. SEE ALSO: E mode SEE ALSO: e test condition (if, while commands) f Fail time. Sets the default timeout in seconds for matching a pattern. This timeout is reset whenever a character is received from the remote. Timeout is suspended whenever a XOFF (DC3 or Control-S) is keyboarded, and resumed when XON (DC1 or Control-Q) is keyboarded. This value may be overridden for one command by the ftime mode. EXAMPLE: pf15 sets a default 15 second inactivity timeout for pattern searches. g Set the "gochar" (decimal). (See the ASCII/Decimal conversion table in Chapter 29). The g parameter is reset to its default (linfeed, 10) by the call command. (See documentation on the p mode.) Some remote systems accept uploads with a ? (decimal 63) prompt for each line. Optimum operation with such a system might call for pg63 pp1000 pt4 f -tp file1 The pg63 sets the goahead character to question mark. The pp1000 sets the timeout to a long delay (10 seconds). Te pt4 sets the upload throttle to 40 milliseconds per characters, a speed which allows the remote to echo somewhat slowly (assuming no tabs). Finally, the command f -tp file sends file1 with Throttle and wait for Prompt at end of line. As a special case, if the "gochar" is set to 17 (called XON, DC1, or ^Q) before the p mode is set, file transmission is stopped until an XON is keyboarded or received from the remote. EXAMPLE: pg17; ena -p h Iff the h numeric parameter is set non zero, the h (Half Duplex) mode causes characters transmitted by the term function to be stored in the circular buffer as if they had been received from the remote. This allows the review function to display them. Since the echoed characters appear to have come from the remote, scripts may be affected, especially pattern searches. (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 140 EXAMPLE: ph1; ena -h i Set the interval between retries to n seconds. EXAMPLE: pi4; call -200 busysys attack dials with 4 second intervals up to 201 times. SEE ALSO: call -n command j Sets the maximum connect time in seconds allowed restricted callers in host operation. The default value of 0 does not restrict connect time. EXAMPLE: pj300 disconnects restricted callers at the first command prompt after 5 minutes' connect time. k When receiving data from the remote at high speeds (9600 or faster), the display may fall behind data from the remote. Under these conditions, keyboarding an interrupt character (often Ctrl-C, or Break) will immediately stop the output from the remote, but the display will continue to scroll for some time while the data in the circular buffer is displayed. If this is objectionable, the k parameter may be set to the remote's particular interrupt character (in decimal). This parameter also affects the link command. When this character is keyboarded, undisplayed data pending in the circular buffer is skipped over. (This data is still available to the review command. The call command resets this parameter to -1, disabling its function. EXAMPLE: Many DEC systems use ETX (Ctrl-C) to interrupt programs. Many Unix users also use ETX for interrupting programs. The command pk3 causes ZCOMM to skip buffered output from the remote. Unix users using the default interrupt character of RUBOUT may give the command pk127 l Selects LPTn for term function output when the l mode is set. Default is 1 (LPT1). EXAMPLE: pl2 selects LPT2 m Causes file transmission with the f file command to pause when a character matching the decimal value is read from the file. That character is NOT transmitted. When the file uploading is paused, a keyboarded Ctrl-Q will resume transmission. The call command resets the m parameter to -1 (which matches nothing). EXAMPLE: pm12 Causes file uploading to pause on FormFeed (FF). (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 141 n Set the normal display attribute. The default of 7 gives a normal white on black display. The numbers associated with the s, r, and n are stored in the attribute byte of each character position written in the corresponding mode. The bit configuration (color display) is: Blink R G B Intensity R G B with the leftmost the most significant. Users with color monitors often use 2 (green) to avoid color fringes caused by misconverged color monitors. NOTE: the actual writing color attribute is not changed until the next time the display is reset. Some attributes generate unreadable displays. Other attributes generate text that can only be seen on some monitors. EXAMPLE: pn3 sets cyan; pn2 sets green. o Iff non zero, allows overlap of file writing and incoming data from the remote. This increases throughput when receiving files with the B, XMODEM, and YMODEM Batch protocols, and allows streaming with ZMODEM. ZCOMM sets this to 1 on startup unless a PC-jr is detected. p Pause sets the echo wait period (in hundredths of seconds) used with the pattern command and the w and p modes. Larger numbers give longer pauses. The default works well with most micro based bulletin board systems. The p parameter is reset to its default of 70 (700 milliseconds approximately) by the call command. SEE ALSO: p mode q Sets the "gopause". When sending a file with a wait for "gochar" ( p mode), ZCOMM waits Gopause hundredths of seconds AFTER it receives the "gochar". The q parameter also controls the time delay after a normal pattern match or putw command. The q parameter is reset to its default of 70 (700 milliseconds approximately) by the call command. The default value allows time for immediate echoes to be displayed and for the Hayes Smartmodem(TM) to respond to most commands. SEE ALSO: p mode r Set the attribute for "reverse video". EXAMPLE: pr97 sets "reverse video" to blue on yellow. SEE ALSO: n numeric parameter (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 142 s Set the attribute of the status line display (default 7, for white). A value of 8 (grey) may be chosen to prevent the status line display from distracting from the information being printed. The low intensity grey also minimizes phosphor burn. Some other possibilities are 2 for green, and 1 for blue (or underlined on the monochrome board). SEE ALSO: n numeric parameter t Sets the throttle speed (delay between characters in hundredths of seconds) used by the term function when uploading files with an f -t file command. The default value of 4 corresponds to about 20 characters per second sending speed when t mode is enabled. Larger numbers give slower transmission. The effective resolution of the t parameter is limited by the timekeeping resolution of the operating system; on PC-DOS the resolution is about 18 per second. A negative value (-1 to -32767) may be used to specify a software timing loop, with more negative values giving slower transmission. The speed effect of a negative t value depends on the processor speed and operating environment. The t parameter is reset to its default by the call command. SEE ALSO: t mode u Sets the video attribute used to represent underline. EXAMPLE: pu14 sets "underline" to yellow. SEE ALSO: n numeric parameter v Sets the verbose level (default 0). A value less than zero inhibits some routine messages. A value greater then zero causes the set command to list all string parameters, including empty string parameters. The screen erase after data calls in host operation is disabled. Values greater than 1 display script commands as they are fetched from the script file.* Larger values give more detailed tracing information. A value of 50+ causes data read by the read command to be displayed and acted upon by the term function (when called) as if it had arrived from the remote. NOTE: A v parameter value greater than zero affects scripts that generate files with the > command. w Sets the maximum block length used by the Compuserve B Protocol when uploading files to Compuserve. A longer length increases throughput, but may overload some networks, resulting in excessive retransmissions or failed uploads. The maximum is 1024, the default is 512, as specified by Compuserve. If B protocol uploads fail, try a smaller number. The data contents of the uploaded (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 143 file(s) are not affected by this parameter. On downloads from Compuserve, ZCOMM accepts B protocol blocks of 1024 bytes or less. x Sets the port number linked with the link command. SEE ALSO: link command, y numeric parameter y Sets the transmission speed used by the linked port. SEE ALSO: link command, x numeric parameter z Set the timeZone in minutes behind GMT (Greenwich Mean Time). EXAMPLE: pz480 sets timezone 480 minutes behind GMT for PST. SEE ALSO: d numeric parameter _ The _ numeric parameter controls the action taken by ZCOMM when a fatal error (one that generates the "ZCOMM: Error..." message). Any non zero value causes DTR to be dropped (disconnect the modem). A value greater than 100 causes ZCOMM to exit to the operating system. The NUKE key does not invoke this processing. 22.1 Kermit Numeric Parameters The Super-Kermit parameters control Kermit protocol transfers. They are set with the kermit px# command. Their current values may be displayed with a kermit p command. Most of these parameters rarely need changing. These parameters can be changed in case of difficulty with Kermit transfers, especially with mainframe programs or obscure microcomputer Kermit impelementations. When transferring files with Kermit programs operating on IBM mainframes with half duplex front ends, the kermit i parameter should be set to 1, and the kermit s parameter set to the longest response time expected, perhaps 45 seconds. EXAMPLE: kermit pi1; kermit ps45 SEE ALSO: Kermit protocol in Chapter 12 7 If non zero, force eighth bit quoting Kermit transmission even if ZCOMM is using eight bits no parity. This parameter is reset by each call command. 8 If non zero, force 8 bit transparent Kermit transmission even if ZCOMM is using seven bits. Normally, ZCOMM uses 7 bit transmission (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 144 and 8th bit quoting if one of the 7 bits modes (7e, 7o, 7m, 7s) is used. This parameter is reset by each call command. a Incoming packet-start character, default 1 (SOH). A Outgoing packet-start character, default 1 (SOH). b Block check type requested: 1=1 byte checksum, 2=2 byte checksum, 3=3 byte CRC-16 (default). Selecting a type 1 checksum instead of type 3 will increase throughput by 2-4 percent at the expense of weaker error checking. c Control prefix in incoming data, default 35 (pound sign). C Control prefix in outgoing data, default 35 (pound sign). d Delay in seconds before sending, default 0. e Incoming end of line character, default 13 (CR). E Outgoing end of line character, default 13 (CR). i Use IBM line turnaround, default 0 (don't). The Kermit x numeric parameter sets the turnaround character. This may be necessary when communicating with IBM mainframes with half duplex front ends. l Maximum outgoing packet length, default 94, max 94. L Maximum incoming packet length, default 94, max 94. r If non zero, remove incomplete received files except those received with the + option (default 0). s Timeout interval in seconds waiting for XON characters or positive flow control (default 15). If an XON is not received within this time, transmission resumes anyway. A value of 0 disables this timeout. t Override timeout interval in seconds for incoming packets. The default of 0 allows the other program to specifiy the timeout. T Timeout interval for outgoing packets, default 4 seconds. w Sliding Window size in Kermit packets, 1 minimum, 31 maximum, 31 default. Setting w to zero disables the sliding window. x IBM turnaround character, default 17 (XON). (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 145 22.2 X/Y/ZMODEM Numeric Parameters These parameters control XMODEM, YMODEM, and ZMODEM protocol transfers. They are set with the z px# command available with ZMODEM flavors of ZCOMM. Their current values can be displayed with a z p command. These parameters rarely need changing in normal environments. b If non zero, ZMODEM sends a break when it is sending a file and receives a retransmission request. This mode of operation may be used with high speed modems to clear unwanted characters from the modem's buffer during error recovery. Usually, the modem must be given a configuration command to set the proper action to take when receiving a break signal. B Sets the duration of the break signal in tenths of a second, default 2 (200 milliseconds). C Sets the number of times ZMODEM will attempt to send a command (as a result of a zcommand command) (default 11). e If non zero, escape all control characters. This allows ZMODEM transfers to operate over data PBX and other systems that freak out when they receive control characters. l If non zero, forces ZMODEM to wait for an ACK after each # bytes (default 0). This may be adjusted to prevent buffer overflow in data PBX systems. L (Default 0) If non zero, overrides the nominal length of data subpackets within each ZMODEM frame. A smaller value speeds error recovery on noisy lines, a large value (maximum 1024) reduces the overhead of CRC characters. n Sets the number of NULLS (default 0) sent before each ZDATA frame. Some buffered modems (Fastlink) have a firmware bug which loses characters when changing the direction of transmission. This causes data frames to fail with a reported CRC error. ZMODEM n parameter values in the range of 100 to 150 have obviated this syndrome. r If non zero, remove incomplete received files except those received with the + option (default 0). w If non 0, restrict the ZMODEM transmitted window to the specified number of bytes. Setting this parameter to N requests acknowledgements from the receiver every N/4 characters. ZCOMM then waits for acknowledgements from the receiver whenever it has sent N more characters than it has received acknowledgements for. This parameter is useful with networks with defective flow control, and with networks that store an excessive number of characters in transit. The call command resets this parameter to 0. (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Numeric Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 146 W Adjusts the number of characters the ZMODEM receiver will silently ignore when searching for the beginning of a new frame. This may be set larger to accomodate networks with excessive in transit storage, smaller to speed error recovery from long error bursts on direct connections. Z Number of minutes (default 0) to adjust the file modification date when using the Telink or Clink/SEAlink file transfer protocol to transfer a file between different time zones. The timeout parameters below may be set lower for faster X/YMODEM error recovery when transferring files between two micros, higher to accomodate extremely sluggish systems. Only in pathological cases is it necessary to modify these parameters. p Timeout in tenths of seconds for gaps within a packet (default 50). s Timeout interval in seconds waiting for XON characters or positive flow control (default 15). If an XON is not received within this time, transmission resumes anyway. A value of 0 disables this timeout. t XMODEM, YMODEM, and ZMODEM Receiver timeout in tenths of seconds waiting for a packet or command acknowledgement (default 100). T Transmitter timeout in tenths of seconds waiting for a packet (default 600). (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 String Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 147 23. STRING PARAMETERS The set command without arguments displays the current values and maximum string length for each of the non-empty string parameters. To set a parameter empty, enter "" as the parameter string (e.g., set txlog ""). Certain string parameters may be entered with ZCOMM's character escapes. When a string parameter is executed, it may be either sent to the remote as a string or executed as a command if its first character is @. EXAMPLE: set f7 "logout\r" programs F7 to send a string to the remote. EXAMPLE: set f7 "@echo logout" programs F7 to display logout on the screen. In strings sent to the remote, a \336 (octal 336) character causes a pause in transmission[1] (controlled by the p numeric parameter), which may be used to send multiple commands with one string. An optional underscore prepended to the name of a permament string parameter causes that string parameter to be cleared by the next call command. The following string parameters may be accessed but not modified by the set command or in string expansions when ZCOMM is Restricted: backtab bbs break bs esc etx exrc f1...f40 fdel fdown fhome fins fleft fpgdn fpgup fright fup l m outahost password quitcmd rub tab unrestrict The following may not be modified by the set command when ZCOMM is restricted: answerback baudstr blankfill call2 callers* challenge disks e emdir entstr eolstr helpfile home lib lpnono mcommand mconnect menu messages mprefix msuffix phones picture plog private remote telno tmp twxfile welcome xhelpfile The following parameters can never be modified by the set command: ano args c d e h oname1...oname5 s t w y y0...y127 yb yf String Parameters for Remote Operation: __________ 1. Not including the mput command (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 148 answerback baudstr bbs call2 callers challenge disks emdir exrc helpfile home menu messages outahost password private pwd twxfile unrestrict welcome xhelpfile String Parameters for Non Protocol File Transfer: blankfill eolstr String Parameters for Interactive Operation: backtab break bs entstr esc etx lpnono Soft Keys tab rub String Parameters for Scripts: ano args c d e h item lib oname1...oname5 remote rxcnt s s0...s9 t tmp y y0...y127 yb yf String Parameters for Making Calls: l m mcommand mconnect mprefix msuffix telno String Parameters for Log Keeping: callers* calllog* plog rcmdlog* rxlog* txlog* Other String Parameters: helpfile home kermreset menu picture phones quitcmd ano After invoking one of the date related string parameters, the ano string contains the last two digits of the year. answerback When term is in q (TWX) mode, an answerback is sent in response to an incoming ENQ. The format of Answerback is determined by the Western Union Telegraph Company. It typically consists of \r\nNAME CITY\r\n\021 as entered by the set command using character escapes. (In the TWX protocol, the 021 (XON) at the end of the answerback turns on the tape reader.) The answerback string must begin with CR,LF. args contains the complete calling sequence to the current script level. EXAMPLE: call ge,upl accesses the genie telephone directory entry and stores ge.upl in args. backtab Assigns a string or command to the BACKTAB (Shift TAB) key. baudstr When ZCOMM gets a connect in host operation, ZCOMM executes baudstr. EXAMPLE: set baudstr "@gosub .%lib/baud.t" bbs May contain a shell escape command to activate a Bulletin Board program. The bbs string parameter is always processed as a shell escape command, and should not include a leading "!". EXAMPLE: set bbs "~bbsprog" (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 149 blankfill When transmitting a file with the term function with p, r, or w modes, ZCOMM sends the contents of blankfill (if set) to prevent the remote from receiving a blank (empty) line. (Some programs interpret a blank line as an exit from text entry.) ZCOMM Character Escapes must be used to represent control characters. If blankfill is empty, nothing is sent. The call command resets blankfill to empty. break Stores a string or command to be executed by the Ctrl-Break key instead of the default 100 ms break. EXAMPLE: Some Novation modems cannot pass a break signal: set break "@break putw %B\336\ 1\r putw %U\336\ 0\r" Causes the break key to send a break to get the modem's attention, then tells the modem to send the break itself, and finally restores the modem's ersatz "transparent" mode. SEE ALSO: break command bs Stores an alternate string or command to be executed by the backspace key when in the term function. c When the h or s string parameters is accessed, the hundredths of a second are stored in the c string parameter. The accuracy and precision of this quantity depend on the operating environment. call2 Sets the string be sent to the modem or command to be executed each time ZCOMM begins to wait for a call in Host State. Typically this would command the modem to enable autoanswer for incoming calls. EXAMPLE: set call2 "ATMS0=1\r" (Hayes Modem) callers A pathname in which a log of successful host state logins is kept. If callers is null (the default), no log is kept. challenge is executed when the caller connects and handshakes to determine transmission speed. EXAMPLE: set challenge "@gosub .%lib/challeng.t" d Is set to the date when called, in the form "mmdd". EXAMPLE: t cia%d.TXT If the date is December 7, ZCOMM enters the term function with capture to KGB1207.txt (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters Revised 09-05-87 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 150 EXAMPLE: create -st+ cbbs%d.tmp SEE ALSO: h, t string parameters disks Contains the disks that may be logged into with with the d: command where "d" is the drive letter, or that may appear as part of a pathname. If empty (the default), drive letters are not checked. This parameter should be set to prevent local or remote users from hanging the system by accessing an off-line disk drive. It is also be used to prevent restricted remote users from accessing private data files. This string must be entered in lower case. EXAMPLE: set disks "abc" SEE ALSO: home string parameter emdir A directory pathname for incoming electronic mail files. emdir affects twxfile unless twxfile is an absolute path. emdir is also used for incoming electronic mail using the YMODEM Batch protocol in the absence of a login. EXAMPLE: set emdir "/memo" entstr If entstr is set, ZCOMM sends the contents of entstr when ENTER (carriage return key) is keyboarded in the term function, unless n mode is in effect. ZCOMM Character Escapes must be used to represent control characters. If entstr is empty, a carriage return is sent. The "call" command resets entstr to empty. EXAMPLE: set entstr "\3" sends an ETX (octal 3) when Enter is keyboarded. This is handy for some computer systems that expect keyboarded lines to be terminated with something other than the usual carriage return. NOTE: The characters in entstr are always sent at full speed. SEE ALSO: eolstr string parameter eolstr When transmitting a file with the term function with p, r, or w modes, ZCOMM sends the contents of eolstr (if set) to terminate the line. ZCOMM Character Escapes must be used to represent control characters. If eolstr is empty, a carriage return is sent. The "call" command resets eolstr to empty. EXAMPLE: set eolstr "\r." sends a carriage return followed by a period at the end of each (C) 1987 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 23 String Parameters